Environmental Waste Reuse in Geotechnics: A Review of Soil Stabilization through Pozzolanic Reactions

Waleed Zaid

doi:10.55524/ijirem.2025.12.5.8

Abstract

The significant increase in industrial and agricultural waste has raised substantial environmental concerns, prompting the exploration of more sustainable methods for their reuse in geotechnical engineering. This review paper aims to investigate the potential use of bottom ash (BA), fly ash (FA), rice husk ash (RHA), coffee husk ash (CHA), sawdust ash (WSA), and granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) to enhance the geotechnical properties of soil for various applications. The study results demonstrated the optimum replacement ratios for each additive, focusing on improving the mechanical and chemical properties of the soil. The improvements observed were mainly attributed to pozzolanic interactions. Specifically, the results included a 400% improvement in California bearing ratio (CBR) values ??at 20% BA content, a 35% increase in unconfined compressive strength (q_u)values ??at 30% GGBS, and a 57.4% decrease in soil plasticity at 20% CHA with 9% gypsum. Additionally, adding 15% of RHA raises the q_u value from 510 to 1100 kPa. Ultimately, this study supports the sustainable reuse of waste materials in soil stabilization, promoting their use in various engineering applications while reducing reliance on traditional, environmentally harmful stabilizers.

Keywords

Geotechnical Engineering; Pozzolanic Interactions; Soil Stabilization; Soil; Environmental Concerns.

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